Environmental Discourse Essay

Although environmental concerns have attained increasing currency within society, general coverage by the media fails to recognize that not all environmental discourses are alike. Different ideological strains exist and maintain different assumptions about not just the source of environmental problems, but the kinds of solutions that are necessary to solving environmental problems. In the latter half of the 20th century, when environmentalism arose as a distinct political and social ideology, the form of environmental discourse held by most of its proponents is what is now called deep green environmentalism. Deep green environmentalisms operate under the assumption that the dominant political and social ideologies such as unchecked growth, pervasive consumerism and extreme industrialism and capitalism are inherently flawed and contributive to ecological damage. They believe profound lifestyle changes and a willingness to confront dominant social institutions are needed to keep these problems in check. (Beder, 1991) By contrast, light green environmentalists are more common today: they have a casual concern regarding planetary welfare and do not view environmental protection as a distinct political ideology. They do not seek the political emasculation of industrialism and capitalism but instead emphasize environmentalism as a lifestyle alternative. They choose strategic consumption and a responsible modern living as the means to address environmental issues. As such, light green environmentalists make no pretense of possessing the same subversive aspirations of their dark or deep green counterparts. (Beder, 1991) Today, a new form of environmentalism has emerged: Bright green environmentalism. Bright green environmentalism holds that the guilt of modern living can be reconciled with environmental anxiety and sustainability is possible through tools and technology. The primary assumption is that it is difficult for individuals to go deep green and â€Å"turn their backs† on material luxury, and that the strategic consumption of light greens is ultimately trivial in relation to our ecological problems. To that end, bright green environmentalists embrace new forms of energy production, manufacturing, biotechnology, urban planning and other forms of sustainable design technologies as a means of retrofitting the present capitalist-industrialist mode of life rather than seeking to overthrow it. They celebrate the potential for economic abundance and material plenitude without compromising ecological sustainability. (Steffen, 2006) REFERENCES Beder, S. â€Å"Activism vs. Negotiation: Strategies for the Environment Movement. † Social Alternatives, Vol 10, No 4, pp. 53-56, December 1991. Retrieved on January 26, 2009 from: http://homepage. mac. com/herinst/sbeder/activism. html Steffen, A. (2006, May) â€Å"The Next Green Revolution. † Wired Magazine, 14. 05. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from: http://www. wired. com/wired/archive/14. 05/green. html

Post-Modernism and art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Post-Modernism and art - Essay Example Quaternity is another artwork by Anself Keifer that depicts art as a production in the post modernism era. The painting has a rough grains on the floorboards traced in various charcoal lines bleeding over a burlap canvas. There are three flames burning at the centre with each one being a member of the Christian fraternity: father, son, and the Holy Spirit. At the right hand corner, there emerges a snake that commune through the flames and it is labeled as Satan. In his sense, he labels the Christian fraternity and Satan as having a complex relationship by placing Satan equidistant from the three Christian trinities. Thus, his artwork portrays that Christianity suppressed evil. In the artwork, every trinity has a hidden fourth, which all the three combine to make a quaternity. In his brain by David sale, there is a picture of a naked woman on a bed. The image is almost pornographic. Across the canvass are tiny images of Abraham Lincoln that are taken from pennies. These images suggest cheapness and moral rectitude. The conflicting meaning in the artwork competes with each other and competes over the naked woman thus draining its pornographic content . This relays the recycling of a culture authenticated by the audience. Though pornography is prohibited in most states, the artwork tries to reveal pornography on a lighter note. Thus, most individuals are able to identify with the artwork though on a lighter note. . All the ideas and emotions expressed are only implied due to lack of.

Cultural Diversity in Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Diversity in Nursing - Research Paper Example This report approves that for several years, cultural diversity among patients has been recognized by nurses taking care of them. These have also led the nursing practices to determine ways to respond to the varying needs of the patients. This includes the nurses having proper knowledge of the different demands that people from different cultures have and expect from the nurses. In order to treat them well, the nurses need to respect such differences. The proper knowledge of the different cultures and values and the effects of different behaviors is an essential factor in nursing practices. Also, cross cultural practices that include the complex knowledge and solutions that are used worldwide are necessary to be known and applied by nurses to treat diverse people. Thus the basic differences in physical, psychological and cultural factors are considered. This improves the communication skills of the nurses as well. The assistance of the healthcare departments is also necessary whereby proper infrastructure may be built up allowing the nurses to deliver the appropriate treatments. When nurses are culturally competent, they realize the harmful effects of ignorance or hatred if they treat their patients in biased manner depending on their cultures. This essay makes a conclusion that from the above study it could be concluded that it is essential for nursing practices in different health departments to consider effective measures such that culturally diverse patients may be treated with appropriate care. Such treatment and care needs to be unbiased with nurses having proper knowledge of the differences in cultures and values among different people.

To what extent does the fashion industry take part in unethical Essay

To what extent does the fashion industry take part in unethical behaviour to increase retail sales - Essay Example Scholars are therefore concerned on whether these companies meet the expenses that are incurred after robust promotion and advertisement initiatives (Farrell, and Brian 1998, p.589). Another core issue of concern is the similarities of new clothing fashions in the market. The only differences in most of the clothes that are sold in contemporary market are the label of the company as opposed to the design and quality of the product. In addition, by considering the current global financial conditions, scholars are as well concerned on whether global companies make their expected profit on their sales. Therefore, by referring to the accessible literatures, it is clear that, a good number of clothing industries engages in unethical behaviours to increase their sales and profitability (Cory 2005, p. 79). Global clothing industries engage in offering misleading information to customers on the quality and durability of their clothing products to increase their sales. By referring to the available rules and regulations as well as ethical standards, it is ethically and legally inappropriate to offer misleading, false, and deceptive information regarding the quality and nature of products to potential customers. In their promotion and advertising initiative, global clothing industries are commonly known for overrating the quality of their products and services with an aim of attracting more customers to purchasing their products. In addition, based on the available research findings, salespersons in reputable clothing industries exaggerated the prices of their products in order to increase their sales. Under the existing rules and regulations on promotion and advertisement, salesperson and company that provides misleading information should be prosecuted under the court of law (Agresti 2002, p. 91). Some global clothing industries are common known for offering incorrect information regarding their

Org Theory & Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Org Theory & Management - Term Paper Example First and foremost, this paper shall provide an overview of FEMA, and then an overview of the human relations and administrative management theories. Secondly, it shall discuss how the theories shed light on any organizational or managerial dysfunctions occurring within the organization. A specific discussion for each theory shall be considered. Thirdly, this paper will consider the guidance that these theories provide for public management today, evaluating how any aspects of the theories can be considered irrelevant. Lastly, this essay shall conclude and end its discussion with a summary and final consideration of the main issues raised. This paper is being carried out in order to secure a thorough and improved understanding of organizations and how adjustments in management can be made with the end goal of ensuring quality organization performance. This theory is also known as the human relations movement and it refers to the groups of researchers who are studying organizational development and the behavior of individuals in groups, mostly in workplace groups (DuBrin, 2007). It was first seen in the Hawthorne studies in the 1930s which evaluated the impact of social relations, motivation, and employee satisfaction in relation to productivity. This theory considered workers in terms of their overall psychology and how they fit into the organization (DuBrin, 2007). In effect, this theory led to the creation of human resource management processes. George Elton Mayo highlighted natural groups, where social elements have priority over functional structures within the organization. He also emphasized upwards communication, one which is also two-way from the manager to the worker and vice versa (Bruce, 2006). Finally, Mayo declares that cohesive and strong leadership is important in the communication of goals and in securing

Projective Techniques Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Projective Techniques - Research Paper Example It is still implicitly used in many areas of management, but is seldom acknowledged. For example, in operational management, OCE layout theory assumes that managers project their subconscious in designing their OCE space (bunker, open etc.). This paper would mainly focus upon the detail analysis of the projective techniques and its application in academic researches as well. The idea of projective techniques is usually accredited to Frank (1939) with techniques initially developed in clinical psychology, where they were used for personality assessment and psychoanalytic treatment (Bellak 1992, Graham and Lilly 1984, Kassarjian 1974). The hypothesis that \research participants project aspects of their personalities in the process of disambiguating unstructured test stimuli" was the basis for this development. A number of different techniques were developed such as the well-known Rorschach technique or ink-blot test" where subjects are assumed to project aspects of their own personalit y onto the ambiguous features of a series of pictures of inkblots. Projective techniques provide the researcher with the tools to elicit projection and thus go beyond the fence of bounded rationality. This is because they have the ability to tap into the unconscious mental processing of individuals and can be used to get through the defensive barriers that respondents erect (Boddy, 2010, Ramsey, Ibbotson, and McCole 2006, Rogers and Beal 2006), the barriers of incorrect attribution or the barriers due to research question sensitivity (Anderson 1978, Fram and Cibotti 1991, Soley 2009). The first use of projective techniques in management research is generally accepted to be Haire (1950). He conducted a marketing study in the United States using projective techniques and found that female consumers formed impressions about the personalities of other women based on their product purchases, which they could not, or would not, state during direct questioning. The study gave unique and va luable insights into the barriers to product acceptance among housewives and these were deemed to be so useful that the study was basically the launch pad for the use of projective techniques in marketing research. Professional marketing researchers adopted the use of projective techniques and concluded that projective techniques were far superior to other research methods because they assessed the deep-rooted motivations of consumers. Follow up studies have consistently confirmed and supported the validity of Haire's approach and this cemented their use in marketing research (Soley, 2009). This common usage of projective techniques in marketing and advertising communications research continues to this day. Projective Techniques can be classified in a number of ways based on mode of response provides for five types. These are: Association Techniques Association techniques ask participants to respond to a stimulus with whatever association first comes to their mind. For example they may be asked What type of car would an accountant usually drive?" This is an example of word association, which is the most common test in this category. It is a simple enabling device where respondents or research participants suggest words that they can associate, in some way, with something relevant to what is being researched. The weakness of word association tests is that they do not provide respondents with the

Critical Review of the Film Slumdog Millionaire Essay

Critical Review of the Film Slumdog Millionaire - Essay Example These themes underscore the overlapping narratives in the film Slumdog Millionaire, 2008, a British production with Indian cast and crew, using both English and Hindi, with English subtitles for international viewing. The film is directed by Danny Boyle, produced by Christian Colson, screenplay written by Simon Beaufoy, and based on Vikas Swarup’s book Q & A (IMDb, 2012). It won eight out of ten Academy Awards, 2009, along that of ‘Best Picture’, as well as several other international awards (Paul, 2011). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to critically review the film â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire†. It will be argued that Orientalist discourses circulate in the film, and media representations of cultural images influence how people identify themselves and their place in the world. Thus, globalization and the politics of identity creation, as well as spatial and economic inequality in an increasingly interconnected world will be examined. Globalizat ion and the Politics of Identity Creation in â€Å"Slumdog Millionaire† The world today is distinguished by a new role for the imagination in social life. Thus, focusing on the image, the imagined and the imaginary, Appadurai (2004) indicates that critical changes are emerging in global cultural processes, with the imagination becoming part of social practice, enabling negotiation between action and globally defined fields of possibility. Film-makers attempt to please the audience by imaginatively using the cultural mythology of the era. â€Å"Myths are transformations of fundamental conflicts or contradictions that in reality cannot be resolved† (Paul, 2011, p.451). Similar to dreams functioning as wish fulfillments in several cases, films provide wish-fulfilling solutions to human dilemmas. This forms the main theme of the film Slumdog Millionaire, in which the 18-year-old Jamal Malik, a Muslim youth played by new comer Dev Patel, is about to win a jackpot of 20 mill ion rupees on the Hindi version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire. However, during a break before the final round, convinced that this uneducated boy must have cheated, the quiz master gets Jamal taken away to be interrogated by the inspector of police. The film uses the questions on the quiz show that Jamal miraculously answers, to reveal his life story in flash backs. He answers each question correctly due to specific incidents in his past that coincidentally gave him the required information or knowledge (Gilbey, 2009). Media representation of cultural images influences how people identify themselves and their place in the world. According to Peralta (2010), art, storytelling and history are inter-connected with cultural identity. The medium of cinema is a form of art which narrates a story, and it is directly related to cultural influences. Cinema creates identity-formation particularly in the contemporary globalized world. Stories convey cultural memories besides relaying morali ty, judgment, history, and life lessons. Further, â€Å"like art, stories can create a place where we begin to understand or make sense of our world† (Peralta, 2010, p.27). Narratives are used to explain oneself to others, and in turn help in understanding the other. With the increasing interconnectedness of globalization, the media representatio