The IQ Debate Essay -- Intelligence

information can be defined in many different ways. This concept has been the focus of numerous studies and investigations by psychologists and other scientific experts. Intelligence can be the mental ability to reason, plan ahead, understand a wide range of complex issues and learn from past experiences (Gottfredson, 1997). Intelligence is the resultant of the puzzle out of acquiring, storing in memory, retrieving, combining, comparing, and using in new contexts information and conceptual skills (Humphreys, 1979)Intelligence is commonly measured through the use of a number of scales and quantitative measures, alike(p) the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), developed by Alfred Binet in early 20th century to identify which French children needed more attention from their educators. The use of IQ tests more and more spread to all parts of the world. The use of these tests has raised controversy among psychologists and educators, with supporters of IQ tests assuming that the tests produ ce measure of genetically transmitted recognition. On the other hand, critics of the tests retain pointed out that IQ test provides a measure that defines intelligence through the use of cultural deterministic concepts. The ethnocentrism embedded in the assumptions of many commentators, has generated into a excuse for a number of theoretical approaches, like those by Charles Murray and others (http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/850358.stm).The dichotomy between the view that intelligence levels are affected by situational factors and the view that intelligence is genetically transmitted has dominated psychological debates on IQ throughout decades. The statements made by many commentators that intelligences depends on genetic factors has been ... ...c factors, plainly to education, parental supervision and other situational and environmental factors. BIBLIOGRAPHYGottfredson, L.S. (1997) Foreword to intelligence and social policy. Intelligence Volume 24 (number1) pp. 112.Humph reys, L. G. (1979). The construct of general intelligence. Intelligence. Volume 3 (Number 2) pp. 105120.Marshall, G. (1994) (ed.), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (Oxford Oxford University Press.Safer, M. A. (1980). Attributing evil to the subject, not the situation Student reaction to Milgrams film on obedience. Personality and affable Psychology Bulletin, 6, 205209.Sutherland, E. H. (1947) Principles of criminology. Chicago J. B. Lippincott (4th Edition) . Zimbardo, P. G. (1999). The Psychology of Evil. Stanford Universityhttp//www.sonoma.edu/users/g/goodman/zimbardo.htm